Animation Past And Present

I will now research the Lumiere Brothers who invented a motion-picture camera and projector.

Auguste and Louis Lumiere created the Cinematographe which is a projector.
When this was invented there first screening was in 1895 which was in front of a private audience to see how they reacted to the movie. In the same year they then held a public screening.

Louis had created and patented the cinematographe this device that changed early cinema. A combination of a camera, projection device, printer and the hand-cranked cinematographe differed from Edison’s camera in that it was relatively compact and easy to transport.Though Edison's device used 48 frames per second the Lumiere Brothers used 16 Frames Per Second which made showing films easier.

http://www.newsfinder.org/site/more/the_lumiere_brothers/

Animation Past And Present

I will now research Edison who is is the inventor of the 'Kinetoscope'

Edison was born in 1847. The Kinetoscope is an early motion picture exhibition device. Though not a movie project it creates the illusion of movement by showing a strip of film bearing different images over any type of light with a high-speed shutter so that an image is shown.

Ever since the kinetoscope was brought to public attention and proved to be so popular, inventors have been striving to perfect apparatus for success-fully projecting these miniature images upon the screen, producing the same effect of motion as in the kinetoscope. In the kinetoscope the successive images illuminated by reflected light are seen through a lens, making them bigger from an image half an inch to about four inches.


Here is a video of Edison's work: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p94yQ8cvTHg

This video shows a woman dancing as her dress changes colours very quickly as she moves about.


 This image shows Edison working on his Kinetoscope to try and improve it.

Animation Past And Present

I will now research Edward Muybridge

Muybridge's experiments in photographing motion began in 1872, when the railroad magnate Leland Stanford hired him to prove that during a particular moment in a trotting horse's gait all four legs are off the ground simultaneously. His first efforts were unsuccessful because his camera lacked a fast shutter. The project was then interrupted while Muybridge was being tried for the murder of his wife's lover.


http://www.biography.com/articles/Muybridge-Eadweard-9419513

Animation Past And Present

I will now research Emile Reynaud who is the inventor of the 'Praxinoscope'
Improving on the Phenakistiscope and Zoetrope, Reynaud devised the Praxinoscope.
The Praxinoscope was invented in 1877. The Praxinoscope consisted of a central drum of mirrors, which were between the axis and the picture strip, so that as the toy revolved the reflection of each picture seen in the mirror-drum appeared stationary, withThere was a central drum of mirrors.




http://www.victorian-cinema.net/reynaud.htm

Understanding The Techniques And Development Of Stop Motion Animation Past and Present

I will continue my research by researching William Horner who is the creator of the Zoetrope which was invented in 1834.
The Zoetrope was orignally called the Daedlum which means "The Wheel Of The Devil".
The Zoetrope was based on Plateau's phenakistoscope, but was more convenient since it did not require a viewing mirror and allowed more than one person to use it at the same time.
The Zoetrope was for nearly thirty years until 1867. It was then later renamed the 'Zoetrope' or 'The Wheel of Life'



http://courses.ncssm.edu/gallery/collections/toys/html/exhibit10.htm

Understand the Techniques and Development of Stop Motion Animation

I will start my research by researching Joesph Plateau who was the inventor of the 'Phenakitoscope'

The stroboscope is a device that employs bright pulses of light to illuminate a vibrating or rotating object and to make it appear motionless or moving very slowly. The stroboscope works by permitting the eye only a brief glimpse of the object or a portion of it at time intervals that correspond to the object's rate of vibration or rotation. The rate of movement and the light pulses can be adjusted to match.
In 1836, The Phenakistiscope. It consisted of two disks, one with small radial windows, through which the viewer could look, and another containing a sequence of images. When the two disks rotated at the correct speed. The projection of stroboscopic photographs, creating the illusion of motion, eventually led to the development of cinema.

Here is a link to Joesph Plateau's website:

http://www.famousbelgians.net/plateau.htm